Cite Your Sources With These Essential Reference Books

Reality Tv Influence Youth Behavior - 1932 Words

Reality Television and how it can influence the behavior of youth and teens There is no doubt that when it comes to American youth television is one of the biggest influences by far. Many parents would love to say that their child does not watch that much TV but in reality they are spending a lot of time watching television or using media in some way. â€Å"The study by the Kaiser Family foundation shows that children ages 2-8 spend an average of 5  ½ hours a day â€Å"consuming media† kids 8 and older spend even more time in front of the tube nearly 6  ¾ hours a day† (Kaiser Family Foundation, 2005 ). Astonishingly, more time is being spent with media then doing homework, studying or even spending time with family. A child’s retention of what†¦show more content†¦This is prominent in the African American community; it is often taught at a young age that if you are of darker complexion or have a curlier hair texture you are not as pretty as the light er complexioned girl that you might know. It is assumed that the media is to blame for this way of thinking. Youth and teens are self conscious enough without these negative â€Å"airbrushed† and unrealistic images put forth in the media. Media is also being tied to the increasing violence in US children. â€Å"Children are increasing anti-social and aggressive behavior, become less sensitive to violence and those who suffer from violence, children may view the world as violent and mean fearful of being a victim of violence. Children may desire to see more violence in entertainment and real life, and children will view violence as an acceptable way to settle conflicts.†( Buchanan, A.M., Gentile, D.A., Nelson, D.A.,Walsh, D.A., Hensel, J. 2002) Astonishingly, more time is being spent on watching television then homework which differ from child to child. A child’s interpretation of what they watch depends on of their attention spans, the way inShow MoreRelatedThe Reality Of Television Has On Store For Me Tonight1547 Words   |  7 PagesIt is Monday morning and I am already thinking about what reality television has in store for me tonight. There are so many shows to choose from at prime time, so in stead of making a hard decision, I simply plan to watch them all. From Basketball Wives and Black Ink Crew to Love and Hip-hop and The Real Housewives of Atlanta, my Monday night seems to be very eventful. It is something about the constant drama that keeps my glued to the TV screen – the constant shouting and fussing, not to mentionRead MoreInfluence of Media and Popular Culture Essay924 Words   |  4 Pagesgenders. When people think about Media and popular cultures, reality show is reminded naturally since it is popular throughout America. Media hide many truths from the people, but reality shows need censorship for youths, but some says Reality shows are just for entertaining. Moreover, Rachel Potratz, the author of â€Å"When is Reality Real?: Youth Perceptions of MTV Reality Programs,† said that reality show programs are helping youth to learn about the world by parasocial interaction when she hadRead MoreHoney Boo Boo: The Dark Side of Reality TV947 Words   |  4 Pagesthe corruption of youth and beauty, and the loss of soul, which is only replaced by money.† Today’s television shows are decaying into more polluted and inappropriate ideas, which are then presented worldwide. This is a negative influence on not only young people, but also society as a whole. How can it be expected of youth today to be appropriate role models to future generations with such corrupt influ ences? With the filth, dishonesty, and abuse of freedom of speech, reality television ultimatelyRead MoreThe Impact of Reality Tv on the Teenagers1732 Words   |  7 PagesThe Impact Of Reality TV on the Teenagers in Mumbai Nimish Satpute St. Andrews College Instructors : Prof. Meenakshi Kamat : Prof. Jenny Benoy Abstract Reality-based television programming has become a dominant force in television over the past seven years and a staple of most networks’ primetime lineups. This relatively quick change in the television landscape and the sudden increase in viewers’ consumption of reality televisionRead More Does The Influence of Music Have an Effect Contemporary Youth?977 Words   |  4 PagesDoes The Influence of Music Have an Effect Contemporary Youth? Ever since the shocking event in Littleton, which involved two avid Marylyn Manson fans, society has been questioning the effects of aggressive contemporary music on the youth. Although evidence suggests that there is a notable link between violence and aggressive music, it must be realized that other factors influence teenage violence even more so. Shootouts, much like the Columbine incident, are commonly seen in many of today’sRead MoreEssay on Child Development1286 Words   |  6 Pagescontribute to every milestone. Most parents stress over physical and mental stages so much so that play-time is ignored. By making decisions that sacrifice play parents hinder their social development. Parents must take action and encourage their youth to play more, before childhood is lost forever. Play-time is an essential part of early childhood development as well as their most primitive form of expression. In an article titled â€Å"The Importance of Play† by Bruno Bettelheim, he refers to SigmundRead MoreThe Reality Of Television Shows Influences The Politics And The Culture Essay1446 Words   |  6 PagesReality television shows are the usual genre of programs in the 21st century. These programs show the reality of what happens in real life. They are not like movies or series that are being acted or are done based on actual stories. The characters shown in these shows are the real people who act. Keeping up with Kardashians, Love and hip-hop, and the Police women of Cincinnati are some of the recent reality TV shows that are aired on American TV channels. Keeping up with the Kardashians is aboutRead MoreTelevision And Its Effects On Children1673 Words   |  7 PagesTelevision is one of the biggest influences in the lives of most people. People spend hours ever y day watching television programming, so of course this will affect their behavior. Television is like a window to the modern world. Many people view the programs that are aired on television; they can gain a lot of information and knowledge. Most programming like the National Geographic and Discovery Channels can be used as an educational tools in schools and at home to teach our children to learn insteadRead MoreThe Effects Of Media On Teen Pregnancy1085 Words   |  5 Pagesarticle that explains that the reality TV series â€Å"Teen Mom† and â€Å"16 and Pregnant† has spiked the rate of pregnant teens around 2006 and 2007 when the producers launched the first show 16 and pregnant. This lead to questioning if the hit TV show was affecting the young viewers sexual habits. Parents should enforce what their kids watch on TV, parents definitely have a say in what their underage kids can and can’t watch. There is evidence that raises concerns on sexual behavior. There are ways to reduceRead MoreViolence on Television Can Have Negative Effects on Children1210 Words   |  5 PagesWatching repeated violence on television desensitizes children to violence, and similarly incorrect portrayals of sex on television may contribute to adolescent sex. Violence, and sex on television negatively impacts todays youth, and adolescents. In fact, a main contributor to these negative effects on children are caused by parents. Some parents pay little to no attention to the ratings of television shows, or movies, or the amount of sex, and/or violence their child sees on television. Studies

Public Policy Making in Zimbabwe Free Essays

string(100) " in my opinion it is the government’s responsibility to ensure that such personnel are available\." For the past ten years, Zimbabwe has been riddled with economic stagnation as well as being the subject of political instability, thus that been the reason  why many companies and countries have turned a blind eye as concerns investing. Once known as the bread basket of Africa, Zimbabwe has the ability to rise up again especially with the internationally accepted new government of Unity were the two major political parties, ZANU PF and MDC have come together to work as one for the betterment of the country and to fulfil the needs of the people. There has been little to no investment in Zimbabwe as many pulled out during the past decade. We will write a custom essay sample on Public Policy Making in Zimbabwe or any similar topic only for you Order Now Foreign investment is when a company invests financially in a country abroad, whether in the form of portfolio investments which include shares, stock and bonds, or in the form of direct investment where locally based operations are owned and controlled by the foreign investing corporation. Such investments are controlled by laws known as International trade laws. International Trade law includes the appropriate rules and customs for handling trade between countries or between private companies across country borders. Most countries are part of a body that has made an agreement for trading internationally. Zimbabwe is part of several including UNICTRAL (United Nations Commission on International Trade Law), BIPPA (the Bilateral Investment Promotion and Protection Agreement) and COMESA (the common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa). Zimbabwe’s local body, governing foreign investment is the Zimbabwe Investment Authority with approval necessary from the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe and Registrar of companies. The extract below shows the depths to which the Zimbabwean economy had fallen. Foreign Direct Investment Statistics 52. Zimbabwe Net Investment Flows 1998-2007 (US$ million) |1998 |1999 |2000 |2001 |2002 |2003 |2004 |2005 |2006 |2007 | |Direct Investment |436 |50 |16 |0 |23 |4 |9 |103 |40 |69 | |Portfolio Investment |11 |21 |-1 |-68 |-2 |4 |2 | | | | |Source: IMF, UNCTAD, Ministry of Finance However, what is common is that Africa is the one continent that most global capitalist powers compete for due to its vast resources and wealth, examples eing of Nigeria and its oil, The Congo, Zimbabwe, South Africa and Botswana for their diamonds and precious stones as well as many other aspects such as Tourism. Zimbabwe to one of the Wonders of the world, and some people like investing in tourism, but over the past decade they decided not to. Countries would have loved to do that for reasons such as the 2010 world cup but in as much as opportunities arise, if a country is not politically and e conomically stable, it becomes almost obsolete to even the most interested investors. Zimbabwe economic situation was is dismal, having the â€Å"largest peacetime drop [in GDP] ever recorded† (http://www. state. gov/e/eeb/rls/othr/ics/2009/117167. html) at roughly 50%. The Economist Intelligence Unit (in the USA) estimates that 12. 8% of the GDP dropped in just one year- 2008. The inflation rate is the highest in the world, officially estimated at about 231 million percent in July last year. Unofficially however, inflation rates of the Zimbabwean dollar are said to be hundreds of billions if not quadrillions; and this is only the tip of the ice berg. The reasons why foreigners had pulled out were because of: the instability that was brought about after the land return programme †¢ political instability – divisions between the two parties and how that affected the country †¢ Economic sanctions – these can cripple a whole economy and country †¢ the breakdown of the stock exchange †¢ the non transparency of the companies and thei r involvement with government †¢ high taxes †¢ unprofitable economic environment †¢ inflation that started in the thousands and ended in the millions †¢ the laws and regulations governing foreign investment †¢ limited protection for foreign investors in some cases †¢ corruption The biggest problem the country was facing is that the rule of law no longer exists in the country. Instead, numerous government policies were ill formed and passed. Some that totally nullifies the power of law and order and in some cases, human rights. Currency exchange is a crucial part of foreign trade, the government’s Conversion and Transfer Policies were uncertain and changed unexpectedly several times. This has put a constraint on business planning and operations and most companies would much rather not risk making great losses because of a sudden adverse change in policies. The government of Zimbabwe had been known to disregard any judgments passed against them by international arbitrators, making the country a place full of lawlessness, dangerous and too risky to invest in. For example in 2005 â€Å"a group of Dutch farmers whose farms were seized under the land reform program took their case to the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID), demanding that the Zimbabwean government honour the BIPPA between the Netherlands and Zimbabwe. Although the government â€Å"acknowledged that the farmers had been deprived of their land without payment of compensation† they disputed the US$30million claim by the farmers. A decision is yet to be reached. A policy amendment Constitutional Amendment 17, enacted in 2005, removed the right of landowners whose land had been acquired by the government to challenge the acquisition in court. To increase foreign investment the government’s priority should be to restore the rule of la w and order. Restore the people’s faith in the power and fairness of the judicial administrations and government of Zimbabwe. They can do this by honouring their agreements with other countries and renouncing past policies that contradict initial agreements. It would be messy but the country itself is already in a bad state. Righting the wrongs is therefore being an important part of reviving the nation’s economy. Nepotism, favouritism, victimization, and discrimination would have to be seen as no longer existent in the country to make investors feel once again confident and safe investing Zimbabwe. According to the ‘best available surveys’ â€Å"only 7% [700 000 people] of the nations population is employed in the formal sector,† otherwise there is 80% unemployment in the formal sector. Most qualified workers have fled the country in search of greener pastures. The government rightly expects foreign investors to maximize use of local managerial and technical personnel. But in my opinion it is the government’s responsibility to ensure that such personnel are available. You read "Public Policy Making in Zimbabwe" in category "Papers" Their policy making should therefore first focus on educating and catering for its people so they are available and up to international standard when foreigners come to invest and need workers. The government should make policies that direct a lot more funding into the Educational sector of the country – which was once very well respected and recognised. Those way investors would find more ready, capable and qualified locals to employ. The government should improve the health sector by injecting funds to pay doctors and nurses well. Qualified health workers flee Zimbabwe as soon as they get the chance in search of better, more consistent work environments. With well paid doctors and health personnel the country could avoid crises like the cholera outbreak in 2008 and ensure a safe physical environment. In all this however, Zimbabwe’s government has made efforts to improve foreign investment. They have created foreign trade zones and processing ports. Benefits include 5 year tax holiday, duty free importation of raw materials and capital equipment for use in the EPZ. There is a requirement to export 80% of production in these zones however so this makes the offer less attractive to foreign investors. The government should consider reducing the stipulation in order to attract more investors. After the formation of the Government of National Unity, there was increased support from the international world on how to come up with a sound political framework and policy formulation that could encourage foreign investors, and true to form, the two parties have been trying to work with each other so as to do so. South Africa and Botswana, although closer to home than the usual British and American investors, have already started investing in the mining and farming sectors, with notable billionaires such as Patrice Motsepe of South Africa playing a crucial part in the field. The goals business sector itself is pushing for: 1. Transparency in business and transactions 2. Sustainable taxes for investors 3. Regulatory laws that also work favourably for foreigners 4. Strict function and control of the 49% foreign ownership and 51% Zimbabwean ownership – where even those that are foreigners and own 49% are allowed to make Zimbabwean colleagues, their managers and CEO’s for the sole issue of trust among many things. Such partnerships are being encouraged. The stock market for one is back on track, especially with the use of the US dollar and South African rand which is making the market stable and opening up the incentive of investing as there is no longer inflation after the current none use of the Zimbabwean dollar. For the mean while, it is not being used although it has not been eradicated as it will be back in use once the environment is permitting. The policies government makes should firstly, show that the country is serious about attracting foreign investment – at the moment, it looks like South Africa, Egypt, Ghana and Nigeria are the only serious ones. Countries like Botswana, Uganda and Kenya are countries that are coming up and under observation in the mean time. Secondly the policies should market Zimbabwe as aggressively as other regions of the world – because as of now there is need for a supportive business framework such as transportation and communications infrastructures, trained or trainable human resources, and equitable trade and employment practices. Thirdly they should be aimed at demonstrating to investors the opportunity cost of not investing in Zimbabwe. Previously the government has certain policies in place, formed and implemented under a dictator regime; In 2008 the government introduced an Indigenization Act that mandates, over time, 51 percent indigenous ownership of businesses. The government reserves several sectors for local investors. Under current laws, foreign investors wishing to participate in these sectors may only do so by entering into joint venture arrangements with local partners. The foreign investors are allowed to own 35 percent of the operation. The following industries face these restrictions; †¢ Agriculture/Forestry; Primary production of food and cash crops , Primary horticulture , Game, wildlife ranching and livestock, Forestry , Fishing and fish farming, Poultry farming , Grain milling , Sugar refining. Transportation; Road haulage, Passenger bus, taxis and car hire services of any kind, Tourist Transportation, Rail operations. †¢ Retail/wholesale trade; including distribution, Barber shops, hairdressing and beauty salons, Commercial photography, Employment agencies, Estate agencies, Valet services, Manufacturing, marketing and distribution of armaments, Water provision for domestic and industrial purposes, Bakery and confecti onary, Tobacco packaging and grading post auction, Cigarette manufacturing. Source: (www. nationsenclclopedia. om/economies/africa/zimbabwe/foreign-investment). . The government needs to recognise that this may not be adequate enough incentive for investors. They should therefore revaluate and review their policies in some areas to encourage foreigners to invest. The percentages given to foreigners may prove unprofitable to a large conglomerate looking to run a company based in Zimbabwe. They would rather invest in a place where returns can be maximized, and the government should therefore allow foreigners a larger percentage of the business. he Government of National Unity has taken this into consideration and opened its door to all country stakeholders in 2009 to be part of the new policy making process, this included miners, lawyers, pastors, NGO’s and many other diverse groups. This reflected the positive determination of Zimbabweans and the government to get back on rein vest itself bigger and better. Our president was quoted at a mining conference to attract foreign investors who are sceptical about Zimbabwe’s respect for property rights following the disruptions on commercial farms and a raft of controversial indigenisation laws; Because it is capital intensive, the mining sector requires regional and international partners who can bring in the necessary capital,   mining technology and management expertise to complement local resources,† Mr Mugabe told about 200 foreign investors. â€Å"On its part, the government is committed to ensuring that the policy environment is stable, predictable and sufficiently attractive to guarantee investors good returns on their investment. â€Å" Investors and locals alike look forward to the growth our economy will experience because of the new policies being put in place and the effort of our Government of National Unity is making to involve all stakeholders and uphold those laws. References: ? http://allafrica. com/stories/200909180530. html ? http://www. allbusiness. com/trade-development/trade-development- ? NationsEncyclopedia. com ? www. zimtrade. co. zw ? www. zia. co. zw ? http://www. state. gov/e/eeb/rls/othr/ics/2009/117167 ? www. hg. org/trade. html ? en. wikipedia. org/wiki/United_Nations_Commision_on_International_Trade_Law How to cite Public Policy Making in Zimbabwe, Papers

Business Organizations and Leadership Qualities

Question: Discuss about the Business Organizations and Leadership Qualities. Answer: Introduction: Leadership is a quality that motivates, creates impacts, guides and directs a number of people to achieve or conduct a task or goals. In modern day, Abdul Sattar Edhi is an epitome example of leadership. He rose from acute poverty and followed his dream of helping people even when he had nothing (Goleman et al. 2013). Business organizations are all based on team efforts and each team must have a leader who would provide a clear picture of a task and how that would be achieved. This is the concise concept of leadership. The leadership qualities of a few selected leaders will be discussed and contrasted in this essay. Leadership Ethics Abdul Sattar Edhi is a renowned social leader and this essay will analyse leadership in the light of his personality. Ethics play important role in shaping up leadership. Honesty, practicality and loyalty are the three most significant pillars of leadership. Regardless of the context, a leader always carries the responsibility of a team. Leadership quality is the cord between a leader and his/her team members (Chhokar et al. 2013). Ethics in leadership is also associated with morality, honesty and compassion. Edhi has not been born as a leader; it is his compassion for the destitute people that transformed into a social leader. He inspired a lot of people to work under his leadership for the social service (Beck and Cowan, 2014). Along with providing resources in Lebanon, India, Romania, Egypt, Somalia and Japan, he supports women empowerment. This implies that Edhi as a social leader strongly incorporated ethics in his all efforts to better the society. Evolution of Leadership Leadership in classical era used to be a phenomenon to awe people through their exceptional knowledge and intelligence. Moreover, leadership was mostly possessed by powerful people. Over the time, leadership evolved to be an individual quality to motivate others to serve a bigger purpose. It is true, leadership empowers an individual. Moreover, there is no list of criteria that would compose leadership. This quality within an individual evolves over the time. A great example of the evolution of leadership is Abdul Sattar Edhi (Avolio et al. 2013). He possessed no power but struggled to earn his livelihood. But, his tenacious attitude made him evolve from a common man to a leader who helped a number of people through his philanthropic works. Multicultural Leadership The advent of globalization has given rise to a multicultural environment everywhere. This is also reflected in form of diversity in an organization. With a multicultural atmosphere, leadership becomes more critical. At the same time, a leader has to take more responsibility as the jobs get more expanded (Beck and Cowan, 2014). An example of multicultural leadership is the Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau followed the perfect model of multicultural leadership in his administration. His cabinet comprises half male members and half female members including two aboriginals and two Sikhs. This helps him to perceive a broader picture for any national cause and receive diverse opinions from his cabinet. Moreover, Abdul Sattar Edhi pioneered multicultural leadership through his philanthropic service to the society. Notably, the 250 centres in Pakistan are currently the shelters for more than 6000 hapless people. Besides, his network of service is spread across the world (Beck and Cowa n, 2014). Leadership Theories Since a few centuries, many theories have been developed for defining, conceptualizing and characterizing leadership. Scientific management theory was developed in the late nineteenth century by Frederick W Taylor (Goleman et al. 2013). He perceived leadership as a machine. A few theories developed in the twentieth century were human relationship theories of management, operations management, trait theory and path-and-goal theory where employees or workers and their relationship with the leaders have been focused. Psychology of Leadership A very different psychological approach is required in leadership. A leader must always be able to anticipate the effect of any strategy. Moreover, he/she must understand the psychology or team members and accordingly approach them to perform a particular task (Daft, 2014). The psychology of leadership is based on coordination, communication and understanding. In case of Edhi, he became a social leader because he experienced pain, loss, hunger and homelessness (Beck and Cowan, 2014). This has been the core psychology behind Edhi rising as a philanthropist. Characteristics of Leadership Some significant factors characterize the leadership and these factors must be present in an individual. Justin Trudeau is the current prime minister of Canada and known for his efficient leadership qualities. Roger Boisjoly was a famous aerodynamicist who opposed the launch of the space shuttle Challenger. It is said that a leader must have high IQ as well as EQ (Goethals et al. 2014). Roger being an engineer based all his arguments more on his IQ and logic. Despite being right about the Challenger disaster, he had to resign from his company as he failed to convince his peers about his assumption. On the other hand, Justin is inclined to emotion more and it is his ability to make and maintaining a relationship with others he is successful as a leader of a nation. Apart from that, Justin is very positive and humble and composed his cabinet (or team) incorporating acute diversity (Daft, 2014). Roger became an activist of workplace ethics and he used his logical argument to motivate an d guide people about what should be done in the professional sphere. Conclusion From the discussion above it can be concluded that leadership depends on a number of factors and aspects and it really cannot be comprehensively defined. Exemplification of leadership helps to grasp the concept more comprehensively. References Avolio, B.J. and Yammarino, F.J. eds., 2013. Transformational and charismatic leadership: The road ahead. Emerald Group Publishing.Beck, D.E. and Cowan, C., 2014. Spiral dynamics: Mastering values, leadership and change. John Wiley Sons. Beck, D.E. and Cowan, C., 2014. Spiral dynamics: Mastering values, leadership and change. John Wiley Sons. Chhokar, J.S., Brodbeck, F.C. and House, R.J. eds., 2013. Culture and leadership across the world: The GLOBE book of in-depth studies of 25 societies. Routledge. Daft, R.L., 2014. The leadership experience. Cengage Learning. Goethals, G., Allison, S., Kramer, R. and Messick, D. eds., 2014. Conceptions of leadership: Enduring ideas and emerging insights. Springer. Goleman, D., Boyatzis, R. and McKee, A., 2013. Primal leadership: Unleashing the power of emotional intelligence. Harvard Business Press.

Napoleons Reasons For Defeat Essays - Russia, French Emperors

Napoleon's Reasons For Defeat The Campaign of 1812 should have been a another crusade for Napoleon, but he now faced 2 new policies that he had never faced before, the severe Russian winter and the notorious scorched-earth policy. On June 23, 1812 Napoleon's Grande Armee, over 500,000 men strong, poured over the Russian border. An equal amount of Russian forces awaited them. The result of the campaign was a surprise. Two authors, General carl von Clausewitz and Brett James, show similarities in reasons why Napoleon had lost this campaign to Russia. Napoleon believed that after a few quick victorious battles, he could convince Alexander to return to the Continental System. He also decided that if he occupied Moscow, the Russian government would crumple and ask for peace. A single blow delivered at the heart of the Russian Empire, at Moscow the Great, at Moscow the Holy, will instantly put this whole blind, apathetic mass at my mercy. pg 6, 1812 Napoleon's Defeat in Russia This was his belief he expressed in March 1812. However, when Napoleon eventually took over Moscow, the Tsar still did not surrender. Napoleon, sent a message to the Tsar, demanding a immediate surrender. However, the Tsar could not surrender because if he did, he would be assassinated by the nobles. Clausewitz replies by saying, Napoleon was unable to grasp the fact that Alexander would not, could not negotiate. The Tsar knew well that he would be disposed and assassinated if he tried so. pg 256, The Campaign of 1812 in Russia\ General Clausewitz said, Napoleon believed if he defeated the Russian Army and occupied Moscow, the Russian leadership will fall apart and the government would call for peace. pg 253, The Campaign of 1812 in Russia Brett James also agreed that Napoleon's occupation had no result. The occupation of Napoleon in Moscow did not have a effect on the government. pg 13, 1812 Napoleon's Defeat in Russia With his battle plan set, Napoleon prepared his troops for the attack on Russia. But, Napoleon did not consider the fierce Russian winter which awaited him. According to Ludwig Wilhelm Gottlob Schlosser, a onlooker, he described the army by saying, The French, down to the lowliest drummer were very fastidious. These poor French devils were not satisfied with less than soup, meat and vegetables, roast, and salad for their midday meal, and there was no sign of their famous frugality. They were completely devoid of the coming winter. pg 13, 1812 Napoleon's Defeat in Russia Napoleon was even warned by General Rapp about the extremities of the oncoming winter in Russia. The natives say we shall have a severe winter, Napoleon retorted scornfully, Bah! You and your natives! We shall see how fine it is. pg 147, 1812 Napoleon's Defeat in Russia Napoleon should have heeded Rapp's words. As the Grand Armee marched toward Moscow, many horses and men were lost in the freezing snow, and for those who remained, their morale and effectiveness was at the nadir. General Clausewitz states his point by saying, With more precaution and better regulations as to subsistence, with more careful consideration of his marches, which would have prevented the unnecessary and enormous accumulation of masses on one and the same road, he would have preserved his army in a more effective condition. pg 255, The Campaign of 1812 in Russia Brett James also shared the same opinion, Napoleon appeared to have made no effort to discover the facts in Russia, or prepare his troops for it. pg 140, 1812 Napoleon's Defeat in Russia As Napoleon and his army was making their way to Moscow, they encountered typhus, colds, and dysentery. Even the mighty Napoleon had caught a mild case of the flu. However, his soldiers had received the brunt of the attack. Captain Thomas- Joesph Aubry relives this ordeal, After this the typhus made appalling inroads in our ranks. We were fourty-three officers in our ward. All of them died, one after the other, and delirious from this dreadful disease, most of them singing, some in Latin, others in German, others again in Italian - and singing psalms, canticles, or the mass. pg 210, 1812 Napoleon's Defeat in Russia General Clausewitz wrote, The bad

Pigeon River Pollution Essays

Pigeon River Pollution Essays Pigeon River Pollution Paper Pigeon River Pollution Paper The Pigeon River flows through North Carolina and right here into East Tennessee. The Pigeon River got its name from an extinct bird, which migrated through the valley of North Carolina. Although, the Pigeon River looks nice, there is something extremely harmful going on inside the river. The long-polluted Pigeon River in Coke County has not been feasible or assumable for over 1 00 years due to pollution. The rivers water has turned dark brown, and has a terrible odor. The reason behind this beautiful river being polluted is the Blue Ridge paper Company. The Blue Ridge paper Company, once part of Champion International Paper, in Canton, North Carolina, is a primary source of Dioxin and matter pollution that has been discharged into the river. Not only has the Blue Ridge paper Company polluted the water, it gets worse, a couple years ago in 2004, after Hurricane Francis and Hurricane Ivan, several storms and horrible flooding hit the area hard. The flooding, which caused the water level of the river to reach an extreme high level, and also caused part of interstate 40 to collapse into the rivers gorge. Several trees and soil also fell into the water causing much more pollution. No one could have predicted the interstate collapsing into the river due to Mother Nature, but the Blue Ridge Paper Company could certainly do something about the pollution that they are dumping in to the river. The Blue Ridge Paper mill was established in the early 1 gos, and has been operating for 1 00 years. Advocates challenged the North Carolina Division of Water Quality for a wastewater permit that does not require the proper reductions in thermal discharges being discharged by the paper mill. The remit allows the paper mill to discharge waste into the river that raises the temperature of the water way beyond the standards allowed by the state water quality standards. Due to the extremely high water temperature it is very hard for fish to survive. In 2007, due to the water temperature, nearly 8,000 fish died. The wastewater that the paper mill is dumping into the river is entirely too much waste for a small waterway to handle. Thanks to the EPA permit the mill used to dump about 400,000 pounds of color a day into the river, but the permit made it to where they can only dump 45,000 pounds of lour into the river a day. The river is slowly getting better conditions due to all the legal issues against the paper mill; they are finally starting to come to their senses. The Pigeon River flowing beside the Blue Ridge Paper Company. Personally think it is horrible that a paper mill is polluting this river. Have a couple of recommendations I would like to see in the future for some relief for this beautiful river. Would like to see this paper mill shut completely down if they do not continue to limit the waste they are putting into the river. Another alternative that the company could try is to get different equipment that is safe for the environment or find somewhere else to dump their waste, rather than polluting a river for no reason. Although, they are tying to cut back on how much they are polluting the water there is still much more work to be done. If something were done about this river once and for all it would certainly make history. For over 100 years, it has been a constant fight tying to clean up this river, and getting the paper mill to stop polluting it. According o the American White Water Organization, a lot has been done over the past 20 years to clean up this river. The White Water Organization also includes: It appears highly likely that additional cost-effective improvements are possible during the new permit period. The river conservation community however questions whether or not the draft permit does enough to continue restoration of one of the most polluted rivers in the region. Hopefully, one day the issue with the paper company polluting the river will be resolved. The Pigeon River is a beautiful popular river; many people enjoy white water fating fishing, and swimming in the river. People havent been able to do so in many years. Its very sad that the paper company destroys one of Gods beautiful creations, and they are okay with it. Many have forgotten the small beautiful things still left in this world, and believe that if anything else the environment should be protected, because it is not mad made, and it doesnt deserve to be destroyed because of these big careless companies trying to make money. Every river, in my opinion should be assumable and feasible by everyone who wants to do so. It is a part of nature that l, for one certainly love to do. There is much determination in getting this beautiful river cleaned up, with determination of the community, and Government officials help; I believe there is hope for the Pigeon River.

Criminal Justice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

Criminal Justice - Essay Example These children lack access to basic resources such as adequate food, basic health care, safe shelter and sufficient education to make them economically independent adults. Also children whose parents engage in crime and those who are neglected or constantly abused tend to become delinquents in comparison to other children. Another issue is youth violence. The widespread fear of crime in urban areas comes as a result of juvenile violence. Statistics show that between the period of 2005 to 2010 victimization rate, arrest rate, murder rates and homicides committed by juveniles between the ages of 15 to 16 shot up by more than 100 percent (Larry, 2006). The cause for this is increased involvement of youth especially African Americans in drugs trade. Since they cannot solicit for police protection, the youths acquire guns for protecting themselves and their valuable merchandise. The youth network through schools saw a proliferation of guns throughout a majority of youth community. Other than acquiring a gun for self defense, this habit also became a symbol of status. Finally, the issue of deterrence as mitigation to the fore stated problems is of paramount importance to CJA. Though deterrence works effectively among citizens with responsibilities, it is insufficient in instilling discipline in the impulsive, unsocialized and senselessly destructive people. The issues can be ranked in order of importance for a number of reasons, i.e. Deterrence, juvenile delinquency and youth violence. If administrators and public policy makers were to take the step of bringing parents into accountability then juvenile delinquency and youth violence would issues of secondary importance to CJA system (David, 2006). Apparently incompetent, rejecting parents who do not supervise their children and those who are abusive are to blame for the antisocial behavior of displayed by their children. Other risk factors for juvenile delinquency

Evaluation report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Evaluation report - Essay Example s report I am going to evaluate the Borough of Lewisburg website, which is a historic community located on the banks of the beautiful Susquehanna River in Union Country Pennsylvania and is the commercial center of the area. Borough of Lewisburg website produces good visual impression. Navigation is clear, all pages are lightweight and load quickly. There are no broken links in a website. Navigation systems is clear to a normal user. All windows open in a new windows, which is a good practice. Search Engine Optimization. A website home page has high Google PageRank 7. It takes a good place on a very popular search query. Borough of Lewisburg website doesn’t offer full security to the confidential files of the site. This is clearly seen where some confidential files like the minutes are easily accessible to anyone accessing the site. This can lead to tracking of the activities taking place in the municipality thus may lead to external attacks. The website should at least give only the authorized members, the accessibility of the files. This can be easily done through a sign up where only members with accounts are allowed to access the site. Borough of Lewisburg website offers standard information quality given that it offers few information about the municipality. It offers the access to all departments existing in the municipal but offers little undetailed information the departments. This is clearly seen where the site doesn’t show pictorial information to add up to the general information of the website. The website offers little customer services but mainly concentrates on the main information of the departments found with the municipality. Though the Borough of Lewisburg website talks about some customer services offered under the Parks and Recreation. This leaves it with very little information about the customer or the citizen services. The website doesn’t offer direct online transactions but instead refers the users to a different webpage where

The Golden Gate Bridge Magnificence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 5

The Golden Gate Bridge Magnificence - Essay Example There is a slight scent of roses in the atmosphere a scent that has come up with the tide (Campbell and Susan, 35). The water in itself is pleasing to the eyes, and the smashing of water on to the rocks below makes it seem as if it is raging and charging. The sunlight makes the water sparkle when calm, and though a long way down, I can see my own tiny reflection; a tiny me holding the railings of the bridge and looking down to see the gaze turned on to me. A swarm of birds passes by, making me envious of them because I do not get to enjoy the scenery that they get to enjoy in their flight. They whistle in harmony, whilst I soak in the sun’s warm rays looking into the horizon. Many have encountered death by this bridge. Death has taken the lives of countless individuals in both cruel and softer manner. The lucky ones were saved before death could grasp them. The sparkly waters below me have tasted the blood of the victims. The waters do not choose the person to take in (Campbell and Susan, 35). The clouds begin to show their faces. They come in huge numbers as if to bid me the worst. Now the air smells of exhaust smoke, emitted from cars trying to rush home and avoid the coming thunderstorm., The place suddenly turns cold, a gesture that means I should be on my way lest I meet the wrath of the water below, which has now turned wild and bangs the rocks on the banks with rage. Many lives have been taken down there, and I would not wish death takes mine soon I choose the Golden Gate Bridge because of its famous use by various people and among them those who pass there while heading home on a daily basis. I enjoyed writing about the Golden Gate Bridge because, despite its praise for being one famous bridge among many, there was still the possibility of writing something negative about a bridge that has been praised for quite a while. My first impressions about the bridge were both good and bad.

Models of Information System Security

Models of Information System Security People who use the application will be made to install different levels of gateways and smart meters in their homes. The main security issue occurs at the authentication of these gateways and smart meters. Each smart device will be provided with an IP address. Attack can happen on these devices by reporting false readings on the smart meters, spoofing the IP address. There are some solution for the authentication problem. Public key infrastructure can be used in this case. Dieffie-Hellman key exchange proposes that smart meters can encrypt the data before it sends it to fog devices, Then the device are made to decrypt the data. Intrusions in smart grid can be detected by using a signature based method where any discrepancy in the pattern can be detected and raise a flag on possible misbehaviors. Biometric authentication is the most beneficial authentication method that could be used to provide accessibility. Biometric authentication like fingerprint authentication, facial recognition, eye retina recognition, etc. can be used in fog computing based authentication. There could be discrepancy in the authentication through man in the middle attack, mitigation of data theft, etc. Techniques based on infrastructure such as Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) could be made to solve the problem, trusted executed environment (TEE) can also be considered in fog cloud computing. Measurement based method can be used to filter fake or unqualified fog cloud that is not within the vicinity of the end users which in turn will reduce the authentication cost. 4.2 USER ACCESS AND INTRUSION DETECTION Providing a control to access smart devices and cloud has always been a reliable tool which ensure the security of the system. Access control on cloud is achieved by exploiting techniques of several encryption schemes to build a access control in cloud computing. Intrusion detection techniques have been applied to mitigate attacks on virtual machine or hypervisor. Those intrusion detection systems can be applied on host machine to detect intrusions. 4.3 PRIVACY Since storage and computation are sufficient for both sides in a fog cloud , privacy-preserving techniques can be proposed. Privacy preservation algorithms can be run in between the fog and cloud since computation and storage are sufficient for both sides. We need privacy preserving techniques because users these days are more concerned about the risk of privacy leakage. Fog node usually collects data generated by sensor and end devices. Techniques like homomorphic encryption can be used to allow privacy-preserving aggregation at the local gateways without decryption. For statistical queries differential privacy method can be applied to ensure privacy of an arbitrary single entry in the data set. 4.4 TRUST MODEL In services like eCommerce, peer-to-peer (P2P), user reviews and online social networks reputation based trust model can be successfully implemented. Reputation based trust model is a simple method where parties are made rate each other after parties give their ratings a trust or reputation score is derived from the rates. A robust reputation system was proposed for resource selection in P2P networks using a distributed polling algorithm to assess the reliability of a resource.   We will have to tackle issues like ,   how to achieve persistent , unique and distinct identity   , how to treat intentional and accidental misbehavior. Apart from the models discussed above there are also trusting models based on special hardware such as Secure Element (SE), trusted Execution Environment (TEE) , or Trusted Platform Module (TPM), which can provide trust utility in fog computing applications. 4.5 POLICY DRIVEN SECURITY Policy collaboration is an important component in the middle layer of a fog computing model. Policy collaboration is introduced to support secure sharing and communication in a distributed environment. Since fog computing also involves communication with a physical component interaction this requirement gives rise to a new set of security problems which involves identity management, resource access management, dynamic load balancing, quality of service etc. Policy driven framework consists if the following modules. Policy decision engine : This module is programmed to make aggregated decisions on data provided by all components. Based on service requested by the target user, this engine analyzes the rules defined in policy repository and generates a decision which is later on enforced. Application administrator : The multi-tenant nature of the fog computing paradigm raises the requirement for an administrator to define policies and rules that bind a user to applications and allow secure collaboration and migration of client data across multiple functions that are owned by the application. Policy repository : A secure repository consisting of rules and policies which are referred by the Policy Decision engine while policy decision is made is called policy repository. Policy enforcer : policy enforcer is the most active component of the policy management framework . It resides within a virtual instance or cloud computing data center or within physical device such as mobile device , GPS system and connected vehicles. 4.6 MAN IN THE MIDDLE ATTACK: This is the most typical attack in fog computing. In this type of attack gateways serving as fog devices may be compromised or replaced by fake ones. Environment settings of stealth test: Man in the middle attack can be very stealthy in fog computing paradigm. This type of attack will consume very less resource in fog devices like , negligible CPU utilization and negligible memory consumption. Therefore traditional methods cannot expose  man in the middle attack. Man in the middle attack is simple to be launched but difficult to be addressed. Many applications running in fog computing environment are vulnerable to man in the middle attack. In future work is needed to address man-in-the middle attack in fog computing 4.7 MITIGATION OF DATA THEFT: Cloud computing faces new data security challenges. Existing protection mechanisms like encryption havent reached their mark in preventing theft attacks. To overcome it , a new technique was proposed monitor data access in the cloud and detect abnormal data access patterns. When unauthorized access is suspected and then verified using challenge question , a disinformation attack by returning large amounts of tricky information to the attacker. This protects against the misuse of the users real data. User behavior profiling : owners or authorized users of a computer systems are usually familiar with the files on the system .So any search on the files is limited and will have a pattern. When the data is accessed illegitimately there might be a familiar structure in contents of file system. This abnormal search behaviors that exhibit variations are monitored. Decoy technology: Trap files are placed within the file system. The trap files are downloaded by user are placed in highly conspicuous locations that are not like to cause interference with normal activity of the system. User who is not familiar with the file system is most likely to access the decoy files ,if the user is in for sensitive documents. So they can be trapped by using bait files. In some cases both these techniques can be combined to safeguard the data from theft.

ft.lauderdale high AP bio project :: essays research papers

2) LEVEL 1 - Cells Are the basic unit of structure and function in living things.May serve a specific function within the organism Examples- blood cells, nerve cells, bone cells, etc. tissue LEVEL 2 - Tissues Made up of cells that are similar in structure and function and which work together to perform a specific activity Examples - blood, nervous, bone, etc. Humans have 4 basic tissues: connective, epithelial, muscle, and nerve. LEVEL 3 - Organs Made up of tissues that work together to perform a specific activity Examples - heart, brain, skin, etc. LEVEL4 - Organ Systems Groups of two or more tissues that work together to perform a specific function for the organism. Examples - circulatory system, nervous system, skeletal system, etc. LEVEL 5 - Organisms Entire living things that can carry out all basic life processes. Meaning they can take in materials, release energy from food, release wastes, grow, respond to the environment, and reproduce. Usually made up of organ systems, but an organism may be made up of only one cell such as bacteria or protist. Examples - bacteria, amoeba, mushroom, sunflower, human 4) 1)Atom: The smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element. 2) Ion: An atom that has gained or lost electrons thus acquiring a charge. 3) Electronegativity: The attraction of an atom for the electrons of a covalent bond. 4) Hydrogen Bond: A type of weak chemical bond formed when the slightly positive hydrogen atom of a polar covalent bond in one molecule is attracted to the slightly negative atom a polar covalent bond in another molecule. 5) Hydrophilic: Having an affinity for water. 6) Cohesion: The binding together of like molecules, often by hydrogen bonds. 7) Capillary action: Physical effect caused by the interactions of a liquid with the walls of a thin tube. The capillary effect is a function of the ability of the liquid to wet a particular material. 8) Organic Compound: Ccontains carbon chemically bound to hydrogen. Organic compounds often contain other elements (particularly O, N, halogens, or S). 9) Polar Covalent Compound: A type of covalent bond between atoms that differ in electronegativity. The shared electrons are pulled closer to the more electronegative atom, making it slightly negative and the other atom slightly positive. 10) Molecule: Two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds. 11) Isotope: One of several atomic forms of an element, each containing a different number of neutrons and thus differing in atomic mass. 12) Ionic bonding: A chemical bond resulting from the attraction between oppositely charged ions. 13) Nonpolar covalent bond: A type of covalent bond in which electrons are shared equally between two atoms of similar electronegativitiy.

Malcolm X and Martin Luther King Jr Essay

The PBS video, â€Å"Malcolm and the Civil Rights Movement† is important in showing the varying views of both Malcolm X and Martin Luther King Jr. The video makes it well evident that both men were striving for the same end result, which was â€Å"defeating white racism and empowering African Americans. However, as the video explains, while both men had the same destination in mind, they both sought different journeys to get there. Through an analysis of the PBS video, Martin Luther King Jr.’s â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech, and several passages from The Autobiography of Malcolm X, it can be concluded that while the two men wanted the same thing, they both had different views and beliefs; Malcolm X was angry, bitter and vengeful, while Martin Luther King Jr. was only concerned with fixing the issue at hand. Early in the PBS video, it is explained that while King wished to mend and strengthen a family bond that already existed, Malcolm X viewed himself and black Mu slims as an outside party. This is evident through the public denial that Malcolm X was even an American due to his opposing view of the suggestion of â€Å"integration with white America.† (â€Å"Malcolm and the Civil Rights Movement†, The American Experience. PBS. Video Transcript) This belief that Malcolm X was completely angry and against white America is aided though a passage in his autobiography coming from page 292 of the fifteenth chapter. In the first provided passage of Malcom X’s autobiography, Malcolm X shows marked bitterness and hatred in his choice of words to describe the situation. This can best be attributed to the quoting of the his words saying â€Å"the antebellum white slavemaster even devilishly manipulated his own woman.† This phrasing by Malcolm X speaks volumes to how he views the relationship of the white male to the rest of society. Through the using of the word â€Å"devilishly† he is portraying his inner thoughts that the white man is evil and c orrupt in his judgments. Then by using the words and â€Å"manipulated† and â€Å"own†, Malcolm X is expressing his belief that the white man is power hungry and sees the world as a game for his bemusement and handling. Furthermore by saying â€Å"his own woman†, this would suggest that Malcolm X believes that the white slave owner sees himself the master of not only black men but also white females. (Malcolm X, p. 292) To the slave owner, everything but himself is property and assets to be owned and managed. The passage then goes on to explain that Malcolm X strongly holds a general stereotype of slave owners copulating with their slaves to be unquestioned fact about all slave owners. His remarks that the slave owner has conned his wife into letting him procreate with the slaves allows valuable insight into Malcolm X’s thoughts that white male is purely a trickster and untrustworthy. The final two paragraphs of the first passage provided from The Autobiography of Malcolm X offer perhaps the most profound description of Malcolm X’s beliefs surrounding the relationship between blacks and whites. Through the anecdote of the girl traveling all that way to try and make amends for something that not even herself has been proven guilty of showcases how impenetrable Malcolm X’s beliefs are. While the girl asks Malcolm X if he believes â€Å"there are good white people†, Malcolm X explains that only actions can change his thoughts. The girl then offers, â€Å"What can I do?† at which Malcolm X responds that there is nothing she can do (Malcolm X, p. 292). This effectively renders the argument that Malcolm X firmly believes that the previous and current disrespectful actions whites have shown blacks are unforgiving. This belief and anger strongly contradicts with the first part of Martin Luther King Jr.’s â€Å"I Have a Dream† spee ch. Martin Luther King Jr. begins his speech with a preface of â€Å"let us not wallow in the valley of despair,† which he uses to say that the past does not need to define the feelings of the future. King then addresses that by moving on from the past quarrels, brotherhood can be established and the nation’s creed of â€Å"all men are created equal† can be recognized (â€Å"Martin Luther King: I Have a Dream† 1963. Speech). Paralleling this theme of the past not defining the future, King speaks of the state of Mississippi’s current and previous mishaps and how it can change as long as the past is left in the past. In the second provided passage of Malcolm X’s autobiography, which is pages 250 and 251 of the fourteenth chapter, it becomes increasingly clear that Malcolm X does not believe that whites and blacks can live happily on the same level. He then makes a unique distinction between the words segregate and separate. Through a reference to Elijah Mohammed, Malcolm X explains that segregation implies that one side –blacks– are inferior to the other side, while separation suggests that both sides have mutually agreed to part ways and keep distance without one holding significant power or influence over the others. To round out the passage, Malcolm X makes an analogy to a mother and her child stating that unless the baby is separate at birth then both the mother and baby will ultimately die (Malcolm X, p. 250-1). Interestingly, in the third provided passage, which is also found in the fourteenth chapter on pages 260 and 261, Malcolm X makes an interesting comparison of the black people being pets of the white society. This shows that Malcolm X believes that blacks are being trained for the benefit of whites and even mentions the word â€Å"brainwashing† to describe how whites have affected blacks. This passage continues the thought from the second provided passage from earlier in the chapter that blacks should be given the chance to be their own people, away from the influence of white society (Malcolm X, p. 260-1). This analogy suggests that Malcolm X sees the black peoples as independent people that deserve the chance to grow and mature on their own terms. Differing strongly from Malcolm X is King’s speech which showcases his believe that separation is not needed and that he envisions both races coming together as a family. This is illustrated through the line â€Å"black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sister and brothers.† With reference to his reverend background, King makes a suggestion that religion can be a unifying factor for the two races and that â€Å"the Lord shall be revealed and all flesh shall see it together.† (â€Å"Martin Luther King: I Have a Dream†, 1963. Speech) This is in direct contrast to Malcolm X and his autobiography, which puts significant emphasis on his Muslim beliefs being in direct opposition to white society. With the religious tone set, King’s speech then continues to explain how the previous grievances and tragedies of yesterday can be removed for tomorrow beginning with the phrase â€Å"with this faith†. This explains that King was looking to mend fences while Malcolm X saw the situation as â€Å"us versus everyone† and that everyone was out to victimize them. Finishing his speech, King expands the current situation to encompass the hardships of all other situations in the United States. Through this, King is able to offer that uniting of the black and white races can be a foundation for freedom of all parties in the United States. This helps to explain the difference between the views King and Malcolm X most clearly. While Malcolm X believes that unless separation is achieved the two races will destroy each other, King believes that if the two races come together then great achievements and progress in freedom for all can be accomplished. The PBS video then explains that Malcolm X did not want the black Muslim people to viewed as â€Å"defenseless† and thus, he was opposed to a strategy of non-violence (â€Å"Malcolm and the Civil Rights Movement†, The American Experience. PBS. Video Transcript). Because of the differing views on violence, religion was brought into play and Malcolm X insinuated that King was following the white man’s religion and still being controlled by him. While physical violence was avoided by King’s strategy, so was verbal assault as King often avoided criticizing Malcolm X and his comments. The video then explains that Malcolm X’s unique position then became less dominant in his mind as he felt let down from Elijah Muhammad after the death of Ronald Stokes. At the same time Malcolm X was looking to cause physical pain to the other side, King was making legislative and social gains in his movement (â€Å"Malcolm and the Civil Rights Movement†, The American Experience. PBS. Video Transcript). This helps to explain that King largely wanted a fix to the problem, while Malcolm X wanted revenge. Through an analysis of the PBS video, Martin Luther King Jr.’s â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech, and several passages from The Autobiography of Malcolm X, it can be concluded that while the two men wanted the same thing, they both had different views and believes. Malcolm X can be concluded to be angry, bitter and vengeful, with no believe that the relationship between blacks and whites could be salvaged. While differing greatly, Martin Luther King Jr. can be said to be guided by faith, optimistic, future oriented and only concerned with fixing the issue at hand. Works Cited 1.King, Martin Luther. â€Å"Dr. Martin Luther King: I Have a Dream.† March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom. Lincoln Memorial, Washington D.C. 28 Aug. 1963. Speech. 2.†Malcom and the Civil Rights Movement.† The American Experience. PBS. 5 May 2005. Television. Transcript. 3.Malcolm X. â€Å"Chapter 14.† The Autobiography of Malcolm X: As Told by Alex Haley. Alex Haley. New York: Random House, 1964. 250-1, 260-1. Print. 4.Malcolm X. â€Å"Chapter 15.† The Autobiography of Malcolm X: As Told by Alex Haley. Alex Haley. New York: Random House, 1964. 292. Print.

Langston Hughes vs. Claude McKay in the Harlem Renaissance

Langston Hughes vs. Claude McKay in the Harlem Renaissance Free Online Research Papers The first three decades of the 1900’s were the first time that the African American culture was taken seriously by the Caucasian community. Several factors, including the Plessy vs. Ferguson case which allowed racial segregation in 1896, led to what is known as the Great Migration. Job opportunities and far less amounts of racism were significant reasons for more than seven million African Americans moving to northern states. The concentration area of the Great Migration was Harlem in New York City. This district of New York was originally intended for white laborers who preferred to commute to the city rather than live there. The housing developers were over ambitious and had created far too much living space that white middle-class Americans were not interested in and as a result, the properties were sold to African American real estate agents who, in turn, rented the apartments out to black tenants. Between 1900 and 1920 the black population in Harlem had doubled and b ecame known as â€Å"the Black Mecca† (Biography.com). Not only did African Americans bring their labor skills to New York City, they brought their culture and their talents in art, music, and poetry. Their talents in these areas opened the eyes of their Caucasian counterparts and helped their fight for racial equality. With the excitement of these new and different ideas in the arts that finally had gotten the opportunity to emerge, the Harlem Renaissance was born. Two of the major contributors to this era were authors, (James) Langston Hughes and Claude McKay, who both, among a vast array of works, wrote poetry pertaining to the sufferings and strengths of African American culture. Although they had many of the same ideas and messages to get across in their poetry, their delivery was extremely different. Hughes’ poetry took a calm approach in which he talked about the beauty of the African American culture, while McKay was almost violent, talking about fighting for their rights rather than waiting for them to come. Hughes was born in 1902 in Joplin, Missouri and was bounced around all over the country and Mexico between his mother, father, and grandmother. He began writing at an early age and published his first book in 1926. By the time he died in 1967, Hughes had written an impressive number of books of poetry, novels, plays, musicals and operas, children’s poetry, among others, and had become one of the major contributing authors of the Harlem Renaissance (Jackson). Expressing the talents, culture, and need for African American equality was a major theme in the poetry of Langston Hughes. In his first published poem, The Negro Speaks of Rivers, Hughes metaphorically compares the soul of an African American man to a river, saying they are both deep. Rivers are often personified in poetry and used as symbols of both life and death. The rivers mentioned in this poem, the Euphrates, Congo, Nile, and Mississippi are all significant foundations for the cities that have formed near them. Using these specifically, Hughes is trying to portray the importance African Americans have had in setting the foundations in American culture. The Negro Speaks of Rivers is also greatly about African American heritage and the strength within that heritage, which the rivers also signify. The histories these rivers hold go hand in hand with the history and ancestry of African Americans. The Congo and the Mississippi Rivers both hold negative connotation with the African American slave trade but they still contribute a significant amount of depth, like the others, to the soul of the speaker, the entire African American race. The heritage of the rivers resembles the heritage of the African American people and their wisdom and strength which helped them overcome a vast array of adversity, particularly within the last couple centuries which consisted of slavery and extreme racism. The poem is also known as a tribute to the African American culture which Hughes said came from his own life. In his autobiography, The Big Sea, Hughes talks about a racist man he encountered while crossing the Mississippi River on a journey to see his father. The experience upset and frustrated him, but also got him to think about his father’s distaste for their race and Hughes’ own pride and admiration for what Hughes calls the â€Å"bravest people possible - the Negroes from the Southern ghettoes - facing tremendous odds† (Hughes). He then thought of the Mississippi as a symbol for bravery and mentioned his admiration for it in The Negro Speaks of Rivers when he talks about it turning golden as a resu lt of Abraham Lincoln’s work in the abolition of slavery. Another poem in which Hughes talks about his pride for his African American culture is I, Too. In this poem, Hughes talks about how one day the white community will be able to see the true beauty of an African American â€Å"And be ashamed† (17) of how they acted in the past. The pride he has within this poem for his culture is tied back to The Negro Speaks of Rivers. This shows that he consistently incorporates his pride in the African American community within his poetry. The main purpose of I, Too, is to express the need for equality between the separate races. He starts the poem off by declaring that ‘I’ (meaning African Americans) am an American, just the same as a white person. The second stanza talks about African Americans having to eat in the kitchen when company comes over. This stanza is talking about the segregation that is in place. When Hughes says â€Å"But I laugh, And eat well, And grow strong† (5-7), he is saying that being segregated does not bother the African American community. They are, in fact, becoming stronger people internally and in the last stanza, he makes it clear that they know that one day the segregation will be over, and they will be eating with the white people at the dining room table with the company. Hughes also says that nobody will dare tell any African Americans to eat in the kitchen, but besides, they will not want to, for they will be able to finally see and appreciate how beautiful A frican Americans are. They, too, are America. The poetry of Langston Hughes was a significant part of the Harlem Renaissance that expressed the importance of African American culture and the need for legal equality between the races. His poetry took a passive stance that looked toward the future, where he talked about the beauty African American culture holds and waiting for what is right to come to them. He did not want to violently fight for social freedom, he felt it would all come in time. The works of Claude McKay, however, took a more assertive, sometimes aggressive motion towards racial equality. He urged his readers to stand up for what should belong to them and to not let anyone get in their way. McKay was born in Jamaica in 1890 and published his first book of poetry at the age of 22. During his life, he moved to the United States, Russia, France, and finally settled in Harlem before his death in 1948. He studied Communism and wrote several poems and novels pertaining to the sufferings of African Americans (Giles). His aggressive stance that the African Americans should take on the heavy amount of racism made him an extremely important factor in the Harlem Renaissance. Growing up outside of America made the racial tension within the states more of a dramatic experience for him. After seeing the effects of the 1919 Chicago race riots that resulted in the deaths of 15 Caucasians and 23 African Americans (Essig), McKay was compelled to write a poem in response to it. The harsh language used in If We Must Die shows McKay’s sincere distaste for the way his people are being treated. The main message in this poem is that if the white America insists on persecuting African Americans, they must not surrender, but fight for their true freedom until the end. He compares the weaknesses that they have previously shown to hogs being helplessly corralled into holding areas to wait to die. In this poem, he clearly states that he is aware that the whites will probably end up murdering all of the African Americans who resist them. Even though this is true, McKay wants them to fight back, â€Å"Like men we’ll face the murderous cowardly pack, Pressed to the wall, dying, but fighting back† (13-14), he says. Unlike Hughes, he has no intention of waiting around for his lawful rights to come to him. He is best known for his poem, The White House, in which he describes the frustration he feels for being kept out of the white population and not having a voice within the country. The first line says â€Å"Your door is shut against my tightened face.† He immediately points out the purpose of the poem, to indicate his dissatisfaction with the Caucasian American population. They will not let him in to all of the rights and liberties he is owed. In the next few lines, he says that he is okay with this being shut out, because it is only making him stronger and more courageous to face these difficulties. All the sufferings that the American government has imposed on him will only make him a stronger man and make him more prepared to fight for what he feels he deserves. â€Å"Oh, I must keep my heart inviolate, Against the poison of your deadly hate† (13-14). In these last two lines, McKay is saying that even though it is going to be a long journey, in which the African American community will have fight against the extreme racism of the American government, they will keep their emotions under control and continue to pursue what it right. Occurrences like the race riots in Chicago fueled the fire for African American authors during the Harlem Renaissance era, like Langston Hughes and Claude McKay. It inspired them to write the pieces that are still read today, nearly 100 years later. The vast differences the messages their poems held are a large reason for their poetry being so dynamic and able to reach all different typed of people. Although they suffered tremendously, they were able to get their frustrations and feeling out on paper and become the iconic Harlem Renaissance writers they are known as today. Work Cited Biography.com. Harlem Renaissance Black History Milestones on. Biography.com. A E Television Networks, 2010. Web. 08 Apr. 2010. Essig, Steven. Race Riots. Encyclopedia of Chicago. The Newberry Library, 2005. Web. 09. Giles, Freda. Claude McKays Life. Welcome to English  « Department of English, College of LAS, University of Illinois. Oxford University Press, Feb. 2000. Web. 09 Apr. 2010. Hughes, Langston. The Big Sea: An Autobiography. New York: Thunders Mouth, 1986. Print. Jackson, Andrew P. Langston Hughes. The Red Hot Jazz Archive. Jazz Is Timeless Records. Web. 08 Apr. 2010. Research Papers on Langston Hughes vs. Claude McKay in the Harlem RenaissanceBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm X19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraHip-Hop is ArtBringing Democracy to AfricaHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionCapital PunishmentWhere Wild and West MeetCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationMind Travel

Free Essays on Socratic Ignorance

â€Å"All I know is that I know nothing.† Why does Socrates say this? Is he sincere? In The Apology Socrates proclaims to Meletus and the rest of his prosecutors at his trial for impiety that â€Å"If I do have any wisdom, great or small, I am quite unaware of it!†. This, at first glance, seems like a bizarre claim for reputedly the wisest man in Athens to be making, until it is shown in the light of some of his other teachings. Socrates was not being modest when he speaks of his wisdom (or lack of), nor was he trying to curry favour with those who were seeking to convict him. Rather, he was being quite honest when he claimed not to know anything at all, for that is what he truly believed. But to find out why Socrates would want to make such a claim, so other examples of his proclamations of ignorance must be examined. One of the most explanatory statements Socrates makes to justify his claim of ignorance is also found in The Apology. He is telling the story of how, after receiving the news from Chaerephon that the Oracle at Delphi had proclaimed that there is no man alive who is wiser than Socrates, he travels the land seeking to find someone wiser than he is, and prove the Oracle wrong. However, every ‘wise’ man he meets disappoints him in the same way. In one such encounter with one of these teachers of wisdom, Socrates asks him about the nature of being honourable and good, to which the man provides no satisfactory answer. Afterwards, when Socrates ponders the conversation, we see the true nature of his ignorance: â€Å"†¦quite possibly neither of us knows anything about being honourable and good. But he imagines he knows when he doesn’t, whereas I don’t imagine that – for really I don’t know. So at any rate I am wiser than he is in this small way: when I don’t know something, I don’t have the illusion that I do know it† Socrates shows in this excerpt that he is wiser than other men of learning are, as... Free Essays on Socratic Ignorance Free Essays on Socratic Ignorance â€Å"All I know is that I know nothing.† Why does Socrates say this? Is he sincere? In The Apology Socrates proclaims to Meletus and the rest of his prosecutors at his trial for impiety that â€Å"If I do have any wisdom, great or small, I am quite unaware of it!†. This, at first glance, seems like a bizarre claim for reputedly the wisest man in Athens to be making, until it is shown in the light of some of his other teachings. Socrates was not being modest when he speaks of his wisdom (or lack of), nor was he trying to curry favour with those who were seeking to convict him. Rather, he was being quite honest when he claimed not to know anything at all, for that is what he truly believed. But to find out why Socrates would want to make such a claim, so other examples of his proclamations of ignorance must be examined. One of the most explanatory statements Socrates makes to justify his claim of ignorance is also found in The Apology. He is telling the story of how, after receiving the news from Chaerephon that the Oracle at Delphi had proclaimed that there is no man alive who is wiser than Socrates, he travels the land seeking to find someone wiser than he is, and prove the Oracle wrong. However, every ‘wise’ man he meets disappoints him in the same way. In one such encounter with one of these teachers of wisdom, Socrates asks him about the nature of being honourable and good, to which the man provides no satisfactory answer. Afterwards, when Socrates ponders the conversation, we see the true nature of his ignorance: â€Å"†¦quite possibly neither of us knows anything about being honourable and good. But he imagines he knows when he doesn’t, whereas I don’t imagine that – for really I don’t know. So at any rate I am wiser than he is in this small way: when I don’t know something, I don’t have the illusion that I do know it† Socrates shows in this excerpt that he is wiser than other men of learning are, as...

CPOE Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

CPOE - Assignment Example This way, the implementation of CPOE makes the process of giving care to patients more efficient and effective. Additionally, the implementation of CPOE helps in making cost-conscious decisions by the physicians (Sittig & Stead, 1994). This is because, they already have all the entries regarding patients treatment requirements in a computer, which makes it easier to base their decisions on such information, as opposed to arbitrary or uninformed decision making (Sittig & Stead, 1994). Most significant is the fact that, the implementation of CPOE strategy helps in the optimization of the physicians time (Sittig & Stead, 1994). While recording information on other media takes more time, as does searching and retrieving such information, the case is different with computer made entries. Computer made entries enhance the speed of recording and retrieving information, thus allowing the physician to concentrate on patient care. This way, the implementation of CPOE helps to ensure that a med ical practitioner spends more time addressing the patients, as opposed to perusing through books and files in search for information and medical instructions (Sittig & Stead,

Research paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 7

Research paper - Essay Example Hence I chose to explore about health issues in adulthood. This is a vast topic and to discuss it is beyond the scope of this essay. Hence I chose to discuss a particular health related issue based on my personal experience. Recently, I was staying with my 55 year old aunt and her 60 year old husband during a short holiday. Though my aunts over all health appeared good, she was taking many pills for diabetes and high blood pressure. My uncle had no such problems and he was an active man. My aunt appeared obese and was not active. She would watch lot of television and would prefer not to move out of the house. One night, my uncle woke me up and told me that my aunt was sweating profusely and was having difficulty in breathing. He was in panic and did not know what to do. Even I did not have any experience in handling such situations. However, I called the emergency number and asked for help. Within 5 minutes a team of health professionals arrived and shifted my aunt to the hospital. In the hospital, me and my uncle were told that my aunt suffered from heart attack and any delay in shifting her to the hospital would have cost her life. My aunt was kept in the cardiac intensive care unit for a few days whe re many tests were done. Based on the reports of these tests, a procedure called cardiac catheterization was done. A few days later, she was discharged home. I am thankful to God and the team of doctors for keeping my aunt alive. This episode has a lasting impact in my mind. I have heard of many people suffering from heart attacks. But I visualized this heart attack. This episode made me do a little research on the subject. What I was most interested is What causes heart attack, how can it be prevented and how to identify it? Cardiovascular diseases are diseases and injuries of the heart and the blood vessels of the body. According to the WHO (2009), globally, cardiovascular diseases are the most common causes of death. In the year 2005, it was estimated

Homeland Security Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Homeland Security - Assignment Example The need for enhanced air security was discussed and the result was the passing of the Aviation and Transport Security Act. This was passed to create transportation security administration. This outsourced to the private stakeholders in the field and it was aimed at ensuring that there was a synchronized security system that would not be beaten by terrorists. Passenger and luggage screening was enhanced and made more thorough at the airports to ensure that no weapon goes through unnoticed. Another notable change was in the government as many organizations sprouted while others reorganized themselves after the scare to be able to handle such cases better in the future. The passing of the Patriot Act was seen as a move to ensure that the people were living harmoniously and therefore preventing a repeat of the attack. In the immigration and tourism sector, a notable change was detected especially with the limiting of Visas given to citizens of various countries. Looking at the changes, it is evident that the attack enhanced the tightening of security in the various dockets that can be used to harbor criminals or let them into the United States. The security of a countries borders is very important when it comes to the safety of the citizens. It’s through the porous borders that criminals or counterfeit products and illegal goods are smuggled into the country. While dealing or discussing the issue of security it is important to look at the role of technology in ensuring that the borders are not porous and criminals are kept at bay. One of the important things to note is that the borders also act as important economic gateways between the retailers in the neighboring countries. Looking at the United States, the shared border with Canada and Mexico alone is about seven hundred miles.

Graphic Novel vs Movie Essay Example for Free

Graphic Novel vs Movie Essay Books that have become sources of scholarly learning have been categorized under these titles to make the field sound more appropriate than comic book, which could be mistakenly perceived by others as something that may be childish or adolescent. Such a thing would cost the literature its’ credibility and cause people to lose sight of what is really important, the content. So why is there such a sudden sense of acknowledgment on the academic end? This type of literature has never been sophisticatedly observed up until recent times. More and more complex stories have been using this form as their outlet. Reading and comprehending the world of comics has evolved into quite the mental task that is not as basic as pictures and words. Most graphic novels/narratives (GN) are basically composed of frames and gutters, which call reader’s attention visually and spatially to the act, process, and duration of interpretation. GN use the artwork to help narrate the story. This leaves an important part of translation up to the artist. GN offer an intricately layered narrative language (the language of comics) that include the verbal, the visual, and the way the two both interact on the page. The world of GN are so complex that books have been dedicated to understanding them. Scott McCloud’s Understanding Comics(1993) was used as a medium for comics. It defined comics as â€Å"a medium using words and pictures for reproduction. † This guide may have proved useful before but now the field has evolved into longer more elaborate and complex books rather than your old traditional comics. Some of the more recent GN drawing attention include Watchmen and V for Vendetta. Both of which are written by Alan Moore who is recognized as a major graphic novelist of our time. In a interview Moore once stated about GN that â€Å"Its a marketing term that I never had any sympathy with. The term comic does just as well for me. † Alan Moore is recognized as one of the famous comic writers in the history of the genre. Few writers in the field can compare to his level of success. Moore was born in North Hampton, England on November 18th, 1953. He was also raised in North Hampton and still lives there to this day. Moore considers himself an â€Å"anarchist† and you see him express this in his writings. Moore is popular for creating alternate universes of actual history. He does this by placing several of his stories in alternate histories, meaning that many details to the time period are accurate, but some event has been changed. This is seen in Watchmen and The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen. Watchmen is set in an alternate history during the presidency of Richard Nixon. The story includes other altered historical events such as the assassination of Robert F. Kennedy and the Vietnam War. The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen alters history such that England landed on the moon in 1901. These alterations of history are one of the signatures Moore is most popular for. They often have political meanings behind them and are a way for Moore to subliminally express his own personal thoughts and feelings in his stories. His popular works also include From Hell, Swampthing, and V for Vendetta. Moore is such a distinguished writer that many of his works have been targeted for adaptation into film. Comics and GN have long been major targets for films. They are often very popular and draw a large fan base of readers that are eager to see a version of their favorite comic book characters brought to life. A major popular string has been categorized as â€Å"Superhero Films†. All these films are comic book adaptations onto the big screen. Some the pioneers of this type of film were the Adventures of Captain Marvel(1941), Batman (1943),Captain America(1948) and Superman (1948). This was just the first generation of comic adapted films. The trend would continue through the years. The decade where these films would pick up and become most popular in would be the 2000s. The list of adapted comics and GNs were endless. X-men(2000),Spider-Man(2002), Daredevil(2003),The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen(2003),Hulk(2003), Catwoman(2004), Hellboy (2004),Ghost Rider ( 2007),Iron Man (2008) and Watchmen(2009). Sequels to many of these would also come out after a successful first film. The decade of 2000 was a major generation for comic adaptation. Several of these were graphic novels. The biggest box office hits were the traditional Superhero films such as The Dark Night which brought in $533. 3 million dollars followed by the wall crawler in Spider-man which brought in $403 million. The films actually based off books categorized as graphic novels didn’t do so bad as well. Frank Miller’s 300 made number 10 on the list of the top 50 comic book movies in history by bringing in $210. 6 million. The very same director, Zack Snyder, whom directed 300 also directed Watchmen. In his second major adaptation of a graphic novel Snyder didn’t due to shabby, Watchmen brought in $107. 5 million and was considered to be a pretty true representation of the graphic novel (it’s was the original source). Other graphic novels that made it into the top 50 include Sin City, Hellboy, The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen, and V for Vendetta. The latter two were both original works of Alan Moore. Alan Moore hasn’t exactly had the greatest history with directors, especially with the ones being paid to adapt his films. Whether the director of the film was very distinguished or even a fan of Moore’s work it did not gain him any more cooperation on Moore’s end in the adaptation to film. Zack Snyder who was both well distinguished and a fan of Moore’s mentioned in an interview about the making of Watchmen When I arrived to do the movie and I said to the producer So when do we call Alan and he said Never. He doesnt want to talk about it, Snyder said. Moore has refused to cooperate since he felt Hollywood butchered his last novel The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen. The film itself was a success and Moore was still left unsatisfied. Moore has had several conflicts with DC comics and Warner Bros. regarding the film adaptations of his novels. Moore refused to be associated with anything he did not write and told Warner Bros. to keep his name out of any of the films. During a press conference at Warner Bros. about the film adaptation of V for Vendetta producer Joel Silver said that Larry Wachowski had spoken to Moore about the film and that Moore was very interested in what he had to say. This was it for Moore and he asked that his name not be included with anything done in Hollywood. The film version of V for Vendetta opened in theatres on March 17, 2006. The film was directed by James McTeigue and its screenplay was written by the Wachowski Brothers who are well known for their work on The Matrix. Alan Moore was not credited in the movie as he wished. The film version contrasted to its original version in many ways. The film was not an exact translation of its graphic novel, but rather another version of the story with the same type of concept. Alan Moore’s GN was written as a political response to British Thacherism and set a conflict between a fascist state and anarchism. The screenplay written by the Wachowski Brothers kept the theme of the film as a political expression that also involved anarchy but chose to incorporate more current political issues in the film. The film involved many of the same characters and plots from the graphic novel. The actress cast in the role of Evey Hammond was Natalie Portman and Hugo Weaving was chosen to play V. The graphic novel was set in the early 1990’s while the movie chose to set itself in the near future between the years of 2028 and 2038. That alone would leave many differences in setting and technology between the GN and film. My Analysis of the film†¦To be continued..

Business Proposal for Child Development Strategy

Business Proposal for Child Development Strategy 1.0 Executive Summary As business evolved the main factors deciding the normal pursue of a companys activity could be a huge range with different variables, however when specifying about the absolute basic, the foundations of which actions that build up a business all the way from the bottom, then we are usually referring to the marketing plan. the marketing plan includes many steps, but more importantly, who is interested in buying the product? identifying a certain group of people with similar characteristics including demographics, psychographics and many more is what is known as a segment of the market (Sturman, Corgel and Verma, 2011). During the pass of time in the last 30 years, it could be said that miracles have been invented, but do these miracles come without a cost? No, everything has a cost, however in this concerning issue it is not just about value for money, as technology advanced significantly in the rise of the century, the human brain has slowly been shutting down, applications specific ally like snapchat and vines is the reason that now most of the secondary school students would have short attention span, the kids do not realise it but the effects of 10 seconds short videos constantly as well as randomly changing causing the brain to procrastinate (Hooton, 2017). 2.0 Segment Framing Psychotherapy for kids suffering to learn, usually labelled by psychiatrists as ADHD or Dyslexia in the past has always been a burden or one of the hard states of mind to overcome, it is not to be cured. The methods developed for treating this kind of issue has not always been the best in psychotherapy, usually either the downside is too harsh or it is not effective, cause doing the simple act of telling a 5th grader to do his homework is well-known as the least effective. A study has shown that out of 50 children from the ages of 6-16 around 62% found that doing absolutely nothing is better than studying (Prakash and Mitra, 2008). There are two types of treatment when it comes to any sort of attention disorder, medication and treatment programmes. The huge issue faced by such patients is that usually the only effective approach is the pharmacological products engineered for such issues (Antshel et al., 2017). many doctors have repeated over and over again about the psychological and physical life dependency associated with such medication, if the pill is taken then the student will be able to learn, if not then the student will fail to accomplish the easiest and most simple of tasks, not to mention the other soul sucking clinical side effects, for instance depression and ease to anger, it could even develop as the student grows up to suicidal thoughts (JG, 2017). Treatment programmes that have been developed up till this moment are not that efficient, however there is one that has shown significance in the students life. Dekko comics is a company producing comics purely for education or providing an individual with a criterion of information through the comic, what psychologists have missed while targeting such disorders, is what does the student want to do, other than doing what is right approach, as students at this age are not fully mature. psychology clearly provided that if a person with attention disorder manages to find a subject or a routine where his self-owned interests , that same person with the attention disorder will generate thoughts much better than a normal person, that is because that a person who has attention problems usually has those problems because of the high speed generation of thoughts, not in all but rather most therefore such students get on what is known by psychologists as the hyper focus mode, it is triggered by many ways such as life threatening situation, for instance the night before the exam, or the other side of the moon, put simply a topic of certain interest for growing students in any range, 8-16 is the identified psychologically, realistically or rather marketing wise 10-14 is the accurate major(Ozel-Kizil and Kokurcan, 2017) which in case of the segment targeted having students reading narratives off a colourful comic with characters is an appeal to students compared to having black and white pages of vocabulary or non-endless lines of stories, it just appeals more in general. Far from the fact o f comic to learn, the products produced by dekko comics has also shown that if we reverse the equation it is still useful and fun, so the product is not necessarily purchased for purely education, it could also be a gadget of productive time wasting in leisure time. Such method is not only useful in secondary school, some of the qualified higher educational organisations have developed such strategies for themselves in a more complex manner suiting the customers, for example The University of Florida has its own developed comic department where students involved in such topics of studies and research (Research Guides: Graphic Novels and Comics: Journals and Online resources, 2017). 3.0 Engagement campaign `Dekko Comics main purpose is to be able to teach children in an interactive and enjoyable way. it has also been established that Dekko Comics product is able to aid students with learning disabilities such as; ADD, ADHD, dyslexia, and dysgraphia (meanings in appendix 1) to list a few. According to Stalikas and Fitzpatrick, (2008), psychotherapy concentrates on the negative emotion of the experience rather than a more positive side. To elaborate further, Dekko Comics aims to treat learning disabilities in a more positive manner. Introducing an increasing positive attitude that may not be present in clinical psychology, may have an effect on the effectiveness of psychological treatment. By working alongside qualified psychotherapists, Dekko comics will be able to retain its educational background, whilst simultaneously expanding to a new and highly profitable market. Thus, by specifically targeting children aged between 8-14 years old and presenting comics that can aid in many aids th em in therapy sessions. Contrary to popular belief, the main aim of psychotherapy is not the direct treatment of the patient, however, the way psychotherapy is used in treatment highly differs from the normal medical treatment. Psychotherapy aims to clarify misunderstandings that the patient might have and not presenting any sure solutions to the patient; rather, psychotherapists aim to direct the patient to their own conclusion. Effectively, it teaches the patient to critically think and overcome their ailment independently. More severe illnesses, however, such as OCD (Obsessive Compulsive Disorder) use different types of psychotherapy, such CBT (Cognitive-behavioural Therapy) whereby the patient conducts certain activities with their therapists that involve directly dealing with their disability. The final aim of CBT is for the patient to be able to overcome their fear and eventually cope with it without the use of any medicine. Although, patients who have been recommended this type of treatment have seen a large amount of dropout rate (Manceho, et al., 2011). Since CBT still takes design aspects from normal psychotherapy (where the patient reaches their own conclusion), it can be heavily implied that dropout rate in CBT treatment can be attributed to the patients own willingness to cooperate and attend their therapy sessions. Furthermore, psychotherapy is quite a dated treatment, introducing a product such as Dekko Comics to this market it can create a more attractive environment to the consumer. Ergo, dropout rates of psychotherapeutic treatment might decrease overall, which in turn will increase its effectiveness. According to Farell et al., (2016), in a study that looked at the effectiveness of CBT treatment among youth aged between 11-16 years old around 80% of which were considered to be in an improved state after treatment. However, post-treatment 60% of patients were experiencing the original symptoms and 6 months later this increase to 70%. This fundamentally states that CBT can be highly effective along the short-term, however, its effectiveness decreases overtime. By implanting a semantic meaning to patients within psychotherapy, which as stated by Schendan, (2012), that human functions emerge in the semantic network which is caused by the interaction between language and mental simulation. Therefore, by providing meaning or semantics via comics to the patient it can aid them in easily retrieving memories about their treatment sessions, this in turn might aid in increasing the effectiveness of CBT on the long-term and decrease the rate of re-emergence Mackenzie et al., (2014) conducted a study that consisted of 6796 students, and ran for 40 years (1968-2008). This study aimed to find the rates of treatment seeking within participants, the results collected from this study concluded that over-time peoples attitudes towards therapy has become negative and therefore the market for psychotherapy seems to be declining in size. Furthermore, Mackenzie et al., (2014) stated that the main reason as to why people have been increasingly negative towards therapy is due to the exponential increase in the use of mental health medicine in the mental health industry. However, by deviating from the emphasis on the use of prescriptions drugs; by integrating Dekko Comics into the market the increasing negative stigma about therapy might change and peoples attitudes towards psychotherapy can ultimately increase the rates of treatment seeking. This is especially relevant as an increase in healthier alternative ways of treatment might attract customers who might be just against the use of mental health medicine on younger children. Furthermore, the use of Dekko Comics in this specific industry can increase the profitability of the market, as it has been proved to be efficient the product was when presented in schools. NHS (National Health Service) was chosen to action this proposal as it is the main healthcare system in the United Kingdom. Working alongside the NHS Dekko Comics might be able to produce a new line of comics that cater to children aging between 8-14 years with mental health disabilities, as this age demographic might respond more positively with the use of comics in treatment as it is more interactive, enjoyable and age appropriate. Out of 500-pound budget 300 pounds will be spent on researching and developing the new product. If its approved by qualified professionals, which entails that this treatment has to have a high degree of success with patients, 200 pounds will then be used to hold an event at that can be sponsored by the NHS that will increase awareness about mental health issues, as well as state the integration of Dekko Comics into a medical and educational background. Through this event Dekko Comics will get the more media coverage. Ergo, through more coverage Dekko Com ics might increase in popularity and overall use, which is fundamentally important for a start-up such as Dekko Comics. 4.0 Limitations and conclusions This proposal still faces a few challenges, as well as containing a few limiting factors that might affect how successful this proposal can be. To list a few, 500-pound budget was very limiting aspect of designing this proposal as it limited how much can be done. The integration of comics as a use of treatment might also prove to be difficult or ineffective in a practical environment. Furthermore, this market might prove to have a very small profit margin, which in turn would simply cause a loss for Dekko Comics. Although, this study does contain its limitations it is still able to integrate Dekko Comics into other markets, which will inadvertently generate revenue and increase popularity and knowledge of the company. References Antshel, K., Hargrave, T., Simonescu, M., Kaul, P., Hendricks, K. and Faraone, S. (2017) Advances in understanding and treating ADHD. Farrell, L., Oar, E., Waters, A., McConnell, H., Tiralongo, E., Garbharran, V. and Ollendick, T. (2016). Brief intensive CBT for pediatric OCD with E-therapy maintenance. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, [online] 42, pp.85-94. Available at: http://www.sciencedirect.com.ezproxy1.hw.ac.uk/science/article/pii/S0887618516300950 [Accessed 2 Mar. 2017]. Hooton, C. (2017) Our attention span is now less than that of a goldfish, The Independent. Available at: http://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/our-attention-span-is-now-less-than-that-of-a-goldfish-microsoft-study-finds-10247553.html. JG, A. (2017) Psychostimulants: Concerns over Long-Term Adverse Side Effects. PubMed NCBI, Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26863827. Mackenzie, C., Erickson, J., Deane, F. and Wright, M. (2014). Changes in attitudes toward seeking mental health services: A 40-year cross-temporal meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, [online] 34(2), pp.99-106. Available at: http://www.sciencedirect.com.ezproxy1.hw.ac.uk/science/article/pii/S0272735813001591 [Accessed 2 Mar. 2017]. Mancebo, M., Eisen, J., Sibrava, N., Dyck, I. and Rasmussen, S. (2011). Patient Utilization of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for OCD. Behavior Therapy, [online] 42(3), pp.399-412. Available at: http://www.sciencedirect.com.ezproxy1.hw.ac.uk/science/article/pii/S0005789411000244 [Accessed 2 Mar. 2017]. Ozel-Kizil, E. and Kokurcan, A. (2017) Hyperfocusing as a dimension of adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, Research in Developmental Disabilities, 59, pp. 351-358. Prakash, J. and Mitra, (2008) Child and Behaviour: A School Based Study, DELHI PSYCHIATRY JOURNAL, 11(1). Research Guides: Graphic Novels and Comics: Journals and Online resources (2017) Guides.nyu.edu. Available at: http://guides.nyu.edu/c.php?g=276896p=1846435. Schendan, H. (2012). Semantic Memory. Encyclopedia of Human Behavior, pp.350-358. Stalikas, A. and Fitzpatrick, M. (2008). Positive emotions in psychotherapy theory, research, and practice: New kid on the block?. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, [online] 18(2), pp.155-166. Available at: http://eds.b.ebscohost.com.ezproxy1.hw.ac.uk/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=ea32814d-1e6e-4bff-b559-75d234019139%40sessionmgr104vid=1hid=108 [Accessed 2 Mar. 2017]. Sturman, M., Corgel, J. and Verma, R. (2011) The Cornell School of Hotel Administration on Hospitality. 1st ed. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley.